Concussions are brain
injuries that occur when a person receives a blow to the head, face, or neck. Although most people
who suffer a concussion experience initial bouts of dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness, these symptoms
often disappear after a few days. The long-term effects of concussions, however, are less
understood and far more severe. Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple concussions are
at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative brain
disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to
arise weeks, months, or even
years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depress ion, anxiety,
memory loss, inability to concentrate, and aggression. In extreme cases, people suffering from CTE have
even committed suicide or homicide. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who
participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football. Although new
sports regulations and
improvements in helmet technology can help protect players, amateur leagues,
the sports media, and fans all bear
some of the responsibility for reducing the incidence of these devastating injuries.
Sunday, 31 January 2016
How to explain Graphs in PTE Academic? Check below the connectors which will help you get better score.
1.
The Pie Chart illustrates changes in the .........
2. The graph/ table shows/ indicates/
illustrates/ reveals/ represents/ elucidates/ depicts that ………
3.
It can be seen from the graph/ table that ………………
4.
As is illustrated by the graph/ table…………..
5.
Some
Terms that are used for GRAPHS :-
FOR DECREASE/ FALL :- Dramatic
fall, Gradual fall, Marked fall, Rapid fall, Moderate fall, Significant fall,
Slight fall, Sharp fall, Sudden fall, Decreased at an astounding rate,
Plummeted, decline/ dropped with slight fluctuations, Downward trend.
FOR INCREASE :- Gradual
Increase, Marked Increase, Moderate Increase, Sharp increase, Significant
increase, Steady Increase, Steep
Increase, Reached at highest level, Improvement, Recovery, Recovered slightly
or strongly, Upward trend.
6.
Overall this represents a huge increase in the
number of ...........
7.
The Bar Chart illustrates the number of
.........
8.
The year 2011 saw the most dramatic developments
...
9.
There was also a significant growth in the
number of ........
10.There was a dramatic
increase in ........
11.Prices rose steadily…………
12.The 2 pie charts give
information about ........
13.It is immediately obvious
that there some things are significantly different between the two charts.
14.There has been a notable
increase in .......
15.There are some similarities,
however,..........
16.It is interesting to note
that ........
17.The rate of decline of X
appears to be slowed
18.There was also a fall in the
number of ........
19.The X increased slightly in
2000 but it dropped again in 2002
20.The overall trend has been a
positive one.
21.The overall sales trend is
an upward trend.
22.Experienced a dramatic fall
in numbers
23.Although the trend was
downwards overall.
24.This figure is double that
of X and three times that of Y
25.However this trend changes
considerably in 2008
26.Sales figure rose
significantly throughout this time
27.The figure began to rise
more significantly in 2000
28.The vertical axis represents
the X and the horizontal axis represents the Y
29.Overall the chart indicates
that there were greater fluctuations .
30.In brief there were marked
differences in ..............
31.From the graph it is
generally obvious that ..............
32.The curve gradually
increases to reach ........
33.This is followed by gradual
decline in ...................
34.Then there is sharp rise in
.................
35.In summer time the curve
gradually decrease to reach its lower limit
36.There is a slight fall in
..................
37.There was dramatic rise
in............
38.Market fluctuated
considerably
39.After that however there was
a gradual decline in ..........
40.This table clearly presents
and compares ...........
41.In this analysis we will
examine 3 pie charts ..........
42.The diagram provides an
overview of ...............
43.The table show 2 sets of
related information
44.The overall trend shows
fluctuation with slight increased towards the end of the period.
45.The table gives the
breakdown of ................
46.It is noticeable that ..........
47.A similar pattern can be
seen in X
48.The given line graph
illustrates information on the number of.........
49.In fact there is
considerable fluctuation in the .............
50.Although there have been
fluctuation in this trend .........
51.The most obvious trend in
this graph is that .............
52.The most outstanding feature
of the graph is that ...........
53.However for the next few
years the sales declined steadily
54.Some areas remained
relatively unchanged.
55.The most striking feature of
the graph is …………
56.There was not a noticeable
difference between ……….
57.Another outstanding fact is
that ……………………..
58.There had been a
considerable growth in the …………….
59.In 1998, however, the sales
of company X marginally overtook the sales of company Y.
60.Aged 7 to 14 years registered
the second highest figure of around ……………
61.To put in a nutshell, it is
apparent that ……………
62.An astounding 98% of the population lived in X city.
63. It was closely followed by
…………….
64.There was a steep decline in
the sales till 2004 with slight fluctuations.
65.The sales of company X and Y
were more or less at a parallel level.
66.Pizza was the most favorite
food in the age bracket of 18-25 years.
67.Based on the statistics, it
is estimated that ……………..
68.In conclusion, considerable
variations can be seen in all age groups.
69.The most striking/ outstanding feature of the
graph is that ………………….
70.The pie chart elucidates
that ……………………….
71.A cursory glance at the
graph is adequate enough to see that the Rap music is the most favorite genre
of music among the youngsters and has a lion’s share of music lovers.
72.The sales of the company X
were almost 3 times as compared to company Y sales in the year 2002.
73.The bar graph gives a clear
picture of the ……………………………..
74.Overall there had been an
increasing trend in …………………….
75.The sales plummeted from 30% to a marginal 5%.
76.A glance at the graph
reveals that ……………………
77.After 2009, the rate started
climbing at an even pace.
78.Both the ratios kept closer
to each other during the most part.
79.Both the rates kept
fluctuating throughout the period.
80.The line graph portrays an
interesting study of the ………………………
81.Overall, it is apparent from
the graph that ……………………………………
82.The multiple bar graph
elucidates that …………………
83.It is evident from a quick
glance at the graph that …………………..
84.Overall it had a “ lion’s
share “ as compared to its counterparts.
ESSAY:- Connectors that can help you get a better score in Essay Writing
1. To illustrate
2. In another hypothetical case
3. There is also a possibility that
4. On the positive side
5. I would probably oppose the fact that
6. Most important from my point of view
7. This quotation describes as undeniable fact
8. To sum up
9. Of-course, some people may argue that
10.
To a point, that
is true
11.
Here I would like
to put emphasis on
12.
In short
13.
Though it may be
unpopular to say so
14.
In extreme cases
15.
Other consequence
may include
16.
There is a good
reason to oppose
17.
On the whole
18.
This situation is
troublesome and may lead to
19.
In addition to
the other factors listed above
20.
We live in an
ever changing society
21.
To a large extent
22.
Many other cases
also illustrates
23.
In recent years
24.
Here is even a
more extreme scenario
25.
Now imagine
26.
Let us first
concentrate
27.
For several
reasons I would prefer
28.
However I also
believe that
29.
One must also
remember that
30.
The matter of the
fact is that
31.
While this may be
true to some extent
32.
This brings me to
my second point
33.
However I would
argue that
34.
Although it is
undoubtedly true
35.
All in all, I
believe that
36.
Others myself
included are of the opinion that
37.
Another effective
measure would be
38.
One solution to
the problem is
39.
I suppose most of
us would argue that
40.
It’s a very
common sight these days
41.
To begin with
42.
While I believe
it is true
43.
In a nut shell
44.
In conclusion, I believe that
45.
On the other hand, however, there are those who claim
that
46.
Nowadays modern technology has totally changed our
approach to study.
47.
Personally I
believe
48.
. Experts have put forward many suggestions to address
this problem.
49.
However there is growing evidence that
50.
Perhaps a solution to this problem is
51.
This is surprising as most people think that
52.
Let us take a more detailed look at the causes of this
53.
One of the most obvious reasons
54.
I tend to agree that
55.
In the long run
56.
“Experience is the best teacher” is an old cliché, but I
agree with it.
57.
The twentieth century has brought with it many advances.
With those advances, human lives have changed dramatically.
58.
The most important thing to realize is that
59.
I entirely agree with this view, and believe that
60.
There is plenty of evidence to suggest that
61.
There is a third factor, however, which contributes to
the situation
62.
The reasons for this trend may involve
63.
There are advantages and disadvantages for both of the
arguments.
64.
Providing an excellent education in the public school
system is vital to the strength of our community and our country.
65.
I totally disagree with the idea
66.
there is indeed a correlation between a healthy body and
healthy mind.
67.
sports can serve to create healthier bodies, which in
turn would serve as a form of “preventive medicine” thereby cutting down on
medical costs.
68.
When we are healthy, we feel better and so are more
likely to be productive academically
69.
With the advent of globalization
70.
It’s widely believed in today’s materialistic world that
71.
However, this statement does not fully hold water
72.
In conclusion, I would say that I largely agree with the
argument that
73.
Overall, it can be said that
74.
On the other hand, there is no doubt that
75.
In conclusion, while both approaches have benefits and
drawbacks
76.
A much debated issue these days is
77.
To sum up, I think that
78.
Below I will give my reasons to support my answer
79.
From my everyday experience and observation I can claim
that
80.
In our modern stressful world we often forget about our
customs and traditions
81.
I am a person who likes to travel. I think traveling is a
great opportunity to meet new people, gain more knowledge and experience, and
learn new customs and traditions.
82.
Some people say that the invention of computers is one of
the greatest humankind's inventions. However, other people think that computers
make their life more stressful.
83.
The invention of television is undoubtedly one of
humankind's greatest inventions
84.
People learn through their entire lives. Curiosity was
always the basic characteristic of a human being. We always want to break
limits and learn more.
85.
Ironically, the government has taken only little/ miniscule
steps to combat this problem.
86.
The problem if aggravated to its highest possible limit
then it would be catastrophic.
87.
Jumping onto the conclusion straightaway would be little
pre mature.
88.
This problem has penetrated the very fabric of our
society.
89.
To come out of the shackles of the poverty we must
.........................................
FILL IN THE BLANKS - READING TEST
1) The
word euthanasia is of Greek BLANK 1 and
literally means “a good death.” The American Heritage Dictionary BLANK 2 it as “the act of killing a person painlessly
for reasons of mercy.” Such BLANK 3 can be done through active means, such as administering
a BLANK 4 injection, or by passive means, such as BLANK 5 medical care or food and water.
Options:- mythology, birth, killings,
explain, poison, increasing, mild, withholding, origination, illustration, murder,
copy, lethal, origin, slaughter, painful, stopping, deadly, closing.
2)
In recent years in the United States, there have been BLANK 1 cases of active
euthanasia in the news. They usually involve the deliberate killing of BLANK 2 or incapacitated persons by relatives or BLANK
3 who plead that they can no BLANK 4 bear to see their loved ones BLANK 5.
Although such killings are a crime, the perpetrators are often dealt with BLANK
6 by our legal system, and the media usually BLANK 7 them as compassionate
heroes who take personal risks to save another from unbearable suffering.
Options:-
ill, doctors, suffer, strongly, reflects, lower, numerous, more, leniently,
show, easily, little, friends, enjoy, strangers, plead, displays, mercilessly,
portrays, safely, often, strong, longer, healthy.
Comment below with your response and I will provide you the answers.
PTE ACADEMIC LISTENING & SPEAKING TIPS
LISTENING TIPS :
Some of the listening tips which
I feel can do wonders for you are as follows :-
1) Get accustomed to the accent
of the English speakers. You can do this by listening to any lectures in
English Language with captions. This particular tip is for those candidates who
are finding it difficult to pick the right accent. Believe me keep watching and
listening to such lectures and I am sure you'll benefit.
2) Listen carefully to each and
every word spoken in the lecture. This will help you in repeat sentence as well
as in Re-Tell lecture.
3) Alternatively you can watch
English movies to improve your listening skills.
4) When attempting Re-Tell/
Summarize Spoken Text - Focus on key points mentioned by the lecturer and make
notes accordingly. Understand the overall theme of the lecture.
5) For “ Write from Dictation “-
It is a good practice to remember the sentence. Alternatively you may also
write keywords so that it may help you to write a complete sentence.
6) For multiple choice single answer
and multiple answers, read the question thoroughly and skim through the options
given. Keep a high focus on every point mentioned by the speaker and find your
right answer in the options given. You may also use elimination method wherein
you eliminate the options which are totally different and for the rest of the
options you may still make a calculative guess.
7) For Highlight correct summary,
you are given 4 options normally. Skim through the options and then listen to
the lecture carefully. I would not suggest to make points, just listen it
carefully and then look for the option to find the correct summary out of the
options available. Believe me it really works.
SPEAKING :-
TIPS FOR GRAPHS/ PIE
CHARTS/ TABLES :
1) Identify the inputs given in
the graph. Check the inputs/ variables given in the X axis and Y axis. For
example - You are sometimes given population, sales etc in the Y axis and years
range in the X axis.
2) Check what the overall graph
is about. It may be related to population density of different countries, sales
in different companies etc. So you may start by saying - This line or bar graph
illustrates/ gives information about ..................................
3) Sometimes there are too many
lines in a single graph. Firstly check the highest point then the lowest point,
check the similar patterns, trends ( increasing or decreasing or fluctuating
etc ). For instance you can start by saying that the highest population amongst
all the countries was recorded by USA which was around 50 millions in the year
2002 and the country with lowest population was France with a population of
approximately .......................... . The two countries namely India and
China has witnessed an almost similar trends in their population over the past
10 years. However, the population of India showed a dramatic increase after
2010 ..................................
4) You can use some connectors
also to improve your speaking. You can use - However, It is interesting to see
.............. , Although, Similarly, Overall, On the contrary.
5) Some terminologies that can be
used for expressing the trends - Dramatic increase, Significant increase,
Exponential increase, decreasing/ increasing trend, fluctuating trend, declined
considerably, huge increase, rapid fall, etc.
6) You can also use - population
of X was almost 3 times then Y country. The sales of company X was almost 1/3rd
then the sales of company Y.
SPEAKING: READ ALOUD –
TIPS :
1) Speak at your natural pace.
2) Give stress/ emphasis on
particular key word.
3) Take pauses if you get commas
or colon etc.
4) Speak as if you are delivering
a lecture and not simply reading just for the sake of completing the task. Take
it as an opportunity.
5) Oral fluency and pronunciation
should be kept in mind. If you don't know how to pronounce a particular word
then take help from Google or your friends/ family.
6) Keep a good rhythm -
try not to speak too fast or too slow.
You can practice Read Alouds by
reading articles online and you may also record your voice and check how you
spoke. Improvement comes by practice and practice makes you perfect :)
SPEAKING: REPEAT
SENTENCE – TIPS :
1) Listen carefully to each and
every word as you do not get a second chance to listen to the recording again.
2) You may write keywords to
remember the sentence.
3) It is good to memorize what
you have heard but it may take practice. Understand the overall meaning of the
sentence to remember the sentence.
4) Listen to lot of listening
stuff on the regular basis so that you get habituated to accent and speed of an
English speaker.
5) While listening you may also
turn on the " captions " so that when you listen, you can
simultaneously read the words. This is a quite beneficial for beginners.
6) You may listen to the lectures
on You tube or any similar website.
SPEAKING: RE-TELL
LECTURES :
1) Get accustomed to the accent of the English speakers. You can
do this by listening to any lectures in English Language with captions. This
particular tip is for those candidates who are finding it difficult to pick the
right accent. Believe me keep watching and listening to such lectures and I am
sure you'll benefit.
2) Make points quickly while listening to the lectures.
3) Understand what the lecture is about. For instance : it may be related to pollution, mathematics, museum, education etc.
4) You are also sometimes given the picture/ graph on the screen. This is quite helpful as you can at-least get a hint about what the lecture is about. If you are not able to write many points from the lecture then at-least you can speak about the information given in the picture or graph.
5) Listen regularly to short or long lecture on You tube or similar websites. This is helpful to understand the accent.
6) If you do not have much content to speak about then slow down your pace for speaking and try to remember some of the key points and try to explain it.
7) You can start by saying - The lecture is about ..............................................................
8) You may also use - The lecturer gives an example of ....................., The lecturer gives emphasis on .............., In addition to this he/ she also talks about ..................... It is worth noting from this lecture ………………….. First and foremost point mentioned by the lecturer is that …………………Secondly he says…….and so on……………….. Finally he concludes by saying that ……….
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